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README.md
WordPress Coding Standards for PHP_CodeSniffer
- Introduction
- Project history
- Installation
- Rulesets
- How to use
- Running your code through WPCS automatically using CI tools
- Fixing errors or whitelisting them
- Contributing
- License
Introduction
This project is a collection of PHP_CodeSniffer rules (sniffs) to validate code developed for WordPress. It ensures code quality and adherence to coding conventions, especially the official WordPress Coding Standards.
Project history
- On 22nd April 2009, the original project from Urban Giraffe was packaged and published.
- In May 2011 the project was forked and added to GitHub by Chris Adams.
- In April 2012 XWP started to dedicate resources to develop and lead the creation of the sniffs and rulesets for
WordPress-Core
,WordPress-VIP
(WordPress.com VIP), andWordPress-Extra
. - In May 2015, an initial documentation ruleset was added as
WordPress-Docs
. - In 2015, J.D. Grimes began significant contributions, along with maintenance from Gary Jones.
- In 2016, Juliette Reinders Folmer began contributing heavily, adding more commits in a year than anyone else in the five years since the project was added to GitHub.
- In July 2018, version
1.0.0
of the project was released.
Installation
Requirements
The WordPress Coding Standards require PHP 5.4 or higher and PHP_CodeSniffer version 3.3.1 or higher.
Composer
Standards can be installed with the Composer dependency manager:
composer create-project wp-coding-standards/wpcs --no-dev
Running this command will:
- Install WordPress standards into
wpcs
directory. - Install PHP_CodeSniffer.
- Register WordPress standards in PHP_CodeSniffer configuration.
- Make
phpcs
command available fromwpcs/vendor/bin
.
For the convenience of using phpcs
as a global command, you may want to add the path to the wpcs/vendor/bin
directory to a PATH
environment variable for your operating system.
Installing WPCS as a dependency
When installing the WordPress Coding Standards as a dependency in a larger project, the above mentioned step 3 will not be executed automatically.
There are two actively maintained Composer plugins which can handle the registration of standards with PHP_CodeSniffer for you:
It is strongly suggested to require
one of these plugins in your project to handle the registration of external standards with PHPCS for you.
Standalone
-
Install PHP_CodeSniffer by following its installation instructions (via Composer, Phar file, PEAR, or Git checkout).
Do ensure that PHP_CodeSniffer's version matches our requirements, if, for example, you're using VVV.
-
Clone the WordPress standards repository:
git clone -b master https://github.com/WordPress/WordPress-Coding-Standards.git wpcs
-
Add its path to the PHP_CodeSniffer configuration:
phpcs --config-set installed_paths /path/to/wpcs
Pro-tip: Alternatively, you can tell PHP_CodeSniffer the path to the WordPress standards by adding the following snippet to your custom ruleset:
<config name="installed_paths" value="/path/to/wpcs" />
To summarize:
cd ~/projects
git clone https://github.com/squizlabs/PHP_CodeSniffer.git phpcs
git clone -b master https://github.com/WordPress/WordPress-Coding-Standards.git wpcs
cd phpcs
./bin/phpcs --config-set installed_paths ../wpcs
And then add the ~/projects/phpcs/bin
directory to your PATH
environment variable via your .bashrc
.
You should then see WordPress-Core
et al listed when you run phpcs -i
.
Rulesets
Standards subsets
The project encompasses a super-set of the sniffs that the WordPress community may need. If you use the WordPress
standard you will get all the checks.
You can use the following as standard names when invoking phpcs
to select sniffs, fitting your needs:
WordPress
- complete set with all of the sniffs in the projectWordPress-Core
- main ruleset for WordPress core coding standardsWordPress-Docs
- additional ruleset for WordPress inline documentation standardsWordPress-Extra
- extended ruleset for recommended best practices, not sufficiently covered in the WordPress core coding standards- includes
WordPress-Core
- includes
Note: The WPCS package used to include a WordPress-VIP
ruleset and associated sniffs, prior to WPCS 2.0.0.
The WordPress-VIP
ruleset was originally intended to aid with the WordPress.com VIP coding requirements, but has been superseded. It is recommended to use the official VIP coding standards ruleset instead for checking code against the VIP platform requirements.
Using a custom ruleset
If you need to further customize the selection of sniffs for your project - you can create a custom ruleset file. When you name this file either .phpcs.xml
, phpcs.xml
, .phpcs.xml.dist
or phpcs.xml.dist
, PHP_CodeSniffer will automatically locate it as long as it is placed in the directory from which you run the CodeSniffer or in a directory above it. If you follow these naming conventions you don't have to supply a --standard
arg. For more info, read about using a default configuration file. See also provided phpcs.xml.dist.sample
file and fully annotated example in the PHP_CodeSniffer documentation.
Customizing sniff behaviour
The WordPress Coding Standard contains a number of sniffs which are configurable. This means that you can turn parts of the sniff on or off, or change the behaviour by setting a property for the sniff in your custom .phpcs.xml.dist
file.
You can find a complete list of all the properties you can change in the wiki.
Recommended additional rulesets
The PHPCompatibility ruleset and its subset PHPCompatibilityWP come highly recommended. The PHPCompatibility sniffs are designed to analyse your code for cross-PHP version compatibility.
The PHPCompatibilityWP ruleset is based on PHPCompatibility, but specifically crafted to prevent false positives for projects which expect to run within the context of WordPress, i.e. core, plugins and themes.
Install either as a separate ruleset and run it separately against your code or add it to your custom ruleset, like so:
<config name="testVersion" value="5.2-"/>
<rule ref="PHPCompatibilityWP">
<include-pattern>*\.php$</include-pattern>
</rule>
Whichever way you run it, do make sure you set the testVersion
to run the sniffs against. The testVersion
determines for which PHP versions you will receive compatibility information. The recommended setting for this at this moment is 5.2-
to support the same PHP versions as WordPress Core supports.
For more information about setting the testVersion
, see:
- PHPCompatibility: Sniffing your code for compatibility with specific PHP version(s)
- PHPCompatibility: Using a custom ruleset
How to use
Command line
Run the phpcs
command line tool on a given file or directory, for example:
phpcs --standard=WordPress wp-load.php
Will result in following output:
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FOUND 8 ERRORS AND 10 WARNINGS AFFECTING 11 LINES
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
24 | WARNING | [ ] error_reporting() can lead to full path disclosure.
24 | WARNING | [ ] error_reporting() found. Changing configuration at runtime is rarely
| | necessary.
37 | WARNING | [x] "require_once" is a statement not a function; no parentheses are
| | required
39 | WARNING | [ ] Silencing errors is discouraged
39 | WARNING | [ ] Silencing errors is discouraged
42 | WARNING | [x] "require_once" is a statement not a function; no parentheses are
| | required
46 | ERROR | [ ] Inline comments must end in full-stops, exclamation marks, or
| | question marks
46 | ERROR | [x] There must be no blank line following an inline comment
49 | WARNING | [x] "require_once" is a statement not a function; no parentheses are
| | required
54 | WARNING | [x] "require_once" is a statement not a function; no parentheses are
| | required
63 | WARNING | [ ] Detected access of super global var $_SERVER, probably needs manual
| | inspection.
63 | ERROR | [ ] Detected usage of a non-validated input variable: $_SERVER
63 | ERROR | [ ] Missing wp_unslash() before sanitization.
63 | ERROR | [ ] Detected usage of a non-sanitized input variable: $_SERVER
69 | WARNING | [x] "require_once" is a statement not a function; no parentheses are
| | required
74 | ERROR | [ ] Inline comments must end in full-stops, exclamation marks, or
| | question marks
92 | ERROR | [ ] All output should be run through an escaping function (see the
| | Security sections in the WordPress Developer Handbooks), found
| | '$die'.
92 | ERROR | [ ] All output should be run through an escaping function (see the
| | Security sections in the WordPress Developer Handbooks), found '__'.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PHPCBF CAN FIX THE 6 MARKED SNIFF VIOLATIONS AUTOMATICALLY
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Using PHPCS and WPCS from within your IDE
- PhpStorm : Please see "PHP Code Sniffer with WordPress Coding Standards Integration" in the PhpStorm documentation.
- Sublime Text : Please see "Setting up WPCS to work in Sublime Text" in the wiki.
- Atom: Please see "Setting up WPCS to work in Atom" in the wiki.
- Visual Studio: Please see "Setting up PHP CodeSniffer in Visual Studio Code", a tutorial by Tom McFarlin.
- Eclipse with XAMPP: Please see "Setting up WPCS when using Eclipse with XAMPP" in the wiki.
Running your code through WPCS automatically using CI tools
Travis CI
To integrate PHPCS with WPCS with Travis CI, you'll need to install both before_install
and add the run command to the script
.
If your project uses Composer, the typical instructions might be different.
If you use a matrix setup in Travis to test your code against different PHP and/or WordPress versions, you don't need to run PHPCS on each variant of the matrix as the results will be same. You can set an environment variable in the Travis matrix to only run the sniffs against one setup in the matrix.
Travis CI example
language: php
matrix:
include:
# Arbitrary PHP version to run the sniffs against.
- php: '7.0'
env: SNIFF=1
before_install:
- if [[ "$SNIFF" == "1" ]]; then export PHPCS_DIR=/tmp/phpcs; fi
- if [[ "$SNIFF" == "1" ]]; then export SNIFFS_DIR=/tmp/sniffs; fi
# Install PHP_CodeSniffer.
- if [[ "$SNIFF" == "1" ]]; then git clone -b master --depth 1 https://github.com/squizlabs/PHP_CodeSniffer.git $PHPCS_DIR; fi
# Install WordPress Coding Standards.
- if [[ "$SNIFF" == "1" ]]; then git clone -b master --depth 1 https://github.com/WordPress/WordPress-Coding-Standards.git $SNIFFS_DIR; fi
# Set install path for WordPress Coding Standards.
- if [[ "$SNIFF" == "1" ]]; then $PHPCS_DIR/bin/phpcs --config-set installed_paths $SNIFFS_DIR; fi
# After CodeSniffer install you should refresh your path.
- if [[ "$SNIFF" == "1" ]]; then phpenv rehash; fi
script:
# Run against WordPress Coding Standards.
# If you use a custom ruleset, change `--standard=WordPress` to point to your ruleset file,
# for example: `--standard=wpcs.xml`.
# You can use any of the normal PHPCS command line arguments in the command:
# https://github.com/squizlabs/PHP_CodeSniffer/wiki/Usage
- if [[ "$SNIFF" == "1" ]]; then $PHPCS_DIR/bin/phpcs -p . --standard=WordPress; fi
More examples and advice about integrating PHPCS in your Travis build tests can be found here: https://github.com/jrfnl/make-phpcs-work-for-you/tree/master/travis-examples
Fixing errors or whitelisting them
You can find information on how to deal with some of the more frequent issues in the wiki.
Tools shipped with WPCS
Since version 1.2.0, WPCS has a special sniff category Utils
.
This sniff category contains some tools which, generally speaking, will only be needed to be run once over a codebase and for which the fixers can be considered risky, i.e. very careful review by a developer is needed before accepting the fixes made by these sniffs.
The sniffs in this category are disabled by default and can only be activated by adding some properties for each sniff via a custom ruleset.
At this moment, WPCS offer the following tools:
WordPress.Utils.I18nTextDomainFixer
- This sniff can replace the text domain used in a code-base. The sniff will fix the text domains in both I18n function calls as well as in a plugin/theme header. Passing the following properties will activate the sniff:old_text_domain
: an array with one or more (old) text domain names which need to be replaced;new_text_domain
: the correct (new) text domain as a string.
Contributing
See CONTRIBUTING, including information about unit testing the standard.
License
See LICENSE (MIT).